Development and assessment of grid-tied photovoltaic system of government facility in Bireuen Regency, Aceh, Indonesia, using system advisor model

Abstract

This research examines the technical and economic viability of a 275 kWp hybrid photovoltaic (PV) system intended for a government facility in Bireuen, Aceh. It specifically addresses the regulatory changes in Indonesia set in 2024, which eliminate net metering credits. The research was conducted to determine if a hybrid system that combines solar panels with battery storage could maintain its financial viability and structural stability in light of new circumstances demanding independence from the electrical grid. The employed methodology combined structural engineering with techno economic modelling. An analysis of the building’s portal frame was conducted using the demand-capacity ratio (DCR) to ensure compliance with wind load requirements of up to 40 m/s. Performance simulations were executed using the system advisor model (SAM) to evaluate energy outputs against a 240 kVA load profile. Key findings suggest that the system is both structurally sound and economically viable. The findings indicate that the proposed 275kW grid-connected PV system can effectively support the building’s 240kVA load capacity, regardless of battery storage. Moreover, the financial assessment revealed a positive net present value (NPV) of approximately IDR 3.1 million, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 9.7%, which has a relatively short payback period of 9.3 years, suggesting that the project is financially sound.